Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogels regulate the osteoimmune microenvironment via Itgb3-mediated macrophage polarization to combat peri-implantitis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.055

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA Hydrogels. (A) Synthesis procedure of chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogels. (B) SEM image (scale bar: 30 μm, 30 nm) of bare Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. (C) UV-vis, (D) XRD spectra, and (E) CD spectra of bare Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. FT-IR spectra of (F1) L-cysteine and D-cysteine, and (F2) bare Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. (G1-3) Fe 2p XPS spectra of bare Fe₃O₄, D‑Fe₃O₄, and L‑Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. (H) Zeta potential of Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. (I) Loading content of Fe 3 O 4 SPs in FG, D-FG and L-FG groups. (J1-2) General view and SEM cross-section view of the GelMA, Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA, D-Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA, L-Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogel (scale bar: 100 μm). (K1-2) Elemental spectrum analysis of chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogel shows the presence of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe). (L)The photocurable property of chiral hydrogels. (M) Degradation profile and (N) Swelling rate of the chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogel. (O) Maximum compressive strength of chiral hydrogels. (P1-2) pH value and Zeta potential during degradation. (Q) Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) versus frequency of chiral hydrogels. (n = 3, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001). Abbreviation: SPs, superparticles; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; UV–vis, ultraviolet–visible; XRD, X-ray diffraction; CD, circular dichroism; FT-IR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

Article Snippet: First, hydrophobic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) (≥99.5%, 100 nm,C12834835, Macklin, Shanghai) were dispersed in n-hexane solvent, with amphiphilic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, #436143) as a surfactant and water, to form an oil-in-water emulsion under rapid stirring.

Techniques: Circular Dichroism, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogels regulate the osteoimmune microenvironment via Itgb3-mediated macrophage polarization to combat peri-implantitis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.055

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the biocompatibility, antimicrobial efficacy, and multi-enzyme mimetic activities of chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogels. (A, B) Cell viability analysis using the CCK-8 assay showed the total activity of RAW264.7 cells and MC3T3-E1 interacting with Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA composite hydrogel without changing the medium. (C) Live/Dead staining of RAW264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells after 72 h of culture. (green: live cells; red: dead cells) Scale bar: 100 μm. (D) After co-culturing with GelMA, FG, D-FG, and L-FG hydrogels for 72 h, fluorescence images of RAW264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells were captured. F-actin stained with rhodamine-phalloidin (red), and cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 100 μm. (E) Crystal violet staining of Pg bacterial biofilms treated with GelMA, FG, D-FG and L-FG groups. (F) Illustration of the multi-enzyme mimetic activities of chiral Fe 3 O 4 . (G1) The UV–vis absorbance spectra of Fe 3 O 4 +TMB + H 2 O 2 . (G2) Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plots of Fe 3 O 4 corresponding to H 2 O 2 . (H1) WTS-8 assay to determine •O 2 − scavenging activities. (H2) Scavenging rate of •O 2 − with different concentration of Fe 3 O 4 . (I1) H 2 O 2 scavenging activities of D-, L-, and LD-Fe 3 O 4 . (I2) H 2 O 2 scavenging rate of D-, L-, and LD-Fe 3 O 4 at different concentrations (0–100 μg/mL). Abbreviation: CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; Pg, Porphyromonas gingivalis ; TMB, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; WST-8, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8; ROS, reactive oxygen species.

Article Snippet: First, hydrophobic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) (≥99.5%, 100 nm,C12834835, Macklin, Shanghai) were dispersed in n-hexane solvent, with amphiphilic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, #436143) as a surfactant and water, to form an oil-in-water emulsion under rapid stirring.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Activity Assay, Staining, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Cell Counting

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogels regulate the osteoimmune microenvironment via Itgb3-mediated macrophage polarization to combat peri-implantitis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.055

Figure Lengend Snippet: Regulatory Effects of Chiral Hydrogels on the Bone Immune Microenvironment. (A, B) Immunofluorescence showed the expression of the M1 polarization marker CD86 (Green) and M2 polarization marker CD206 (Red) in GelMA, FG, L-FG and D-FG groups. Scale bar = 200 μm. (C, D) RT-qPCR results showing the expression of M1 polarization-associated factors Cd86 , Tnf , and Nos2 versus M2 polarization-associated factors Mrc1 , Arg1 , and Il10 in RAW264.7 cells after co-cultured with chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA for 72 h. (E) Schematic of co-culture of RAW264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells grown on hydrogel surfaces separated by a Transwell chamber. (F, G) Western Blot results showing the protein expression and quantification of CD206 and CD86 in RAW264.7 cells and (H, I) ALP and COL1 in MC3T3-E1 cells after co-cultured with chiral hydrogels. (J) Images of ALP staining on day 7 and 14 and (K) ARS staining on day 14 and 21. Scale bar = 200 μm. (n = 3, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001). Abbreviation: RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; WB, Western blot; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ARS, Alizarin Red S.

Article Snippet: First, hydrophobic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) (≥99.5%, 100 nm,C12834835, Macklin, Shanghai) were dispersed in n-hexane solvent, with amphiphilic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, #436143) as a surfactant and water, to form an oil-in-water emulsion under rapid stirring.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Co-Culture Assay, Western Blot, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Synergistic Neuroprotection of Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles Combined with Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke via Nrf2-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S574711

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic mechanism of Fe 3 O 4 for precise ischemic stroke management.

Article Snippet: In vivo,The 4-8-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into eight groups: 1) Sham group, 2) Saline group, 3) MCAO/R group, 4) iTBS group, 5) rTMS group, 6) Fe 3 O 4 +iTBS group, 7) Fe 3 O 4 +rTMS group, 8) Fe 3 O 4 +magnet group.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Synergistic Neuroprotection of Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles Combined with Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke via Nrf2-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S574711

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fabrication and characterization of Fe 3 O 4 . ( A ) Representative TEM images of prepared NPs. ( B ) zeta potential measurements (n = 3). ( C ) Size distributions of Fe 3 O 4 by dynamic light scattering (n = 3). ( D ) Confirmation of magnetic targeting of Fe 3 O 4 by static magnetic field. Red circles indicate nanoparticle aggregation toward the magnetic field. ( E ) Fe 3 O 4 labeled with iR780 by fluorescence images. ( F ) Characterization of Fe 3 O 4 NPs using EDS.

Article Snippet: In vivo,The 4-8-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into eight groups: 1) Sham group, 2) Saline group, 3) MCAO/R group, 4) iTBS group, 5) rTMS group, 6) Fe 3 O 4 +iTBS group, 7) Fe 3 O 4 +rTMS group, 8) Fe 3 O 4 +magnet group.

Techniques: Zeta Potential Analyzer, Labeling, Fluorescence

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Synergistic Neuroprotection of Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles Combined with Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke via Nrf2-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S574711

Figure Lengend Snippet: Study on BBB penetrability, biodistribution and biosafety of Fe 3 O 4 NPs. ( A ) Hemolysis test of Fe 3 O 4 NPs in different concentrations. ( B ) Fluorescence images of the heads of MCAO/R rats after intravenous (iv.) injection with iR780-labeled NPs at 6 h. ( C ) Fluorescence images of brain sections at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post-injection. Fluorescence signals were quantified using Living Image software with background subtraction. Data represent transient tight junction remodeling and enhanced permeability, and no statistical analysis was performed. ( D ) Radiant efficiency was quantified at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post-injection. Data represent a single subject. ( E ) Fluorescence images of the dissected main organs and brains at 48 h post-injection. ( F ) Representative H&E staining of ischemic brain sections after different treatments. Scale bar = 20 μM. ( G ) Prussian blue staining of tumors after iv. injection 3 days of Fe 3 O 4 NPs. Scale bar: 20 μM and ( H ) their quantitative analyses (n = 5). Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 5). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: In vivo,The 4-8-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into eight groups: 1) Sham group, 2) Saline group, 3) MCAO/R group, 4) iTBS group, 5) rTMS group, 6) Fe 3 O 4 +iTBS group, 7) Fe 3 O 4 +rTMS group, 8) Fe 3 O 4 +magnet group.

Techniques: Fluorescence, IV Injection, Labeling, Injection, Software, Permeability, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Synergistic Neuroprotection of Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles Combined with Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke via Nrf2-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S574711

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuroprotective effects and modulation of microglia phenotypes in vitro. ( A ) and ( B ) The cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells and BV2 cells after OGD/R or incubation with Fe 3 O 4 of different concentration for 12 h (n=2). ( C ) Fluorescence images of ROS in different groups after OGD/R (n = 3). Scale bar: 40 μM. ( D ) Immunofluorescence co-staining images of BV2 cells showing M1 phenotype marker CD86 (green) (n = 3). Scale bar: 20 μM, corresponding quantitative fluorescence of ROS ( E ) and CD86 (F). ( G ) The changes of Δ ψ m in SH-SY5Y cells undergoing OGD/R after different treatments for 48 h and ( H ) their quantitative analyses (n = 3). Relative expression of pro-inflammatory IL-6 ( I ) and TNF-α (J), and MDA ( K ) in DMEN from BV2 cell culture. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 3). ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: In vivo,The 4-8-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into eight groups: 1) Sham group, 2) Saline group, 3) MCAO/R group, 4) iTBS group, 5) rTMS group, 6) Fe 3 O 4 +iTBS group, 7) Fe 3 O 4 +rTMS group, 8) Fe 3 O 4 +magnet group.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Marker, Expressing, Cell Culture